Adaptation of vectors to carry microorganisms or adaptation of microorganisms to the vectors?

Forecasting the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases and their geographical extent is a challenging task; this is despite recent technical advancements in the development of statistical and mathematical epidemiological tools for understanding disease distribution and dynamics. During the recent Ebola outbreak countries worldwide were concerned with transboundary transmission of infection fueled by enhanced human population mobility originating from infected countries in West Africa. Similarly, transboundary movement of live animals and their products can give rise to the introduction and spread of diseases of pandemic potential.