THE POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE BY PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY / PSİKANALİTİK KİŞİLİK KURAMLARINA GÖRE GELİŞİM VE DEĞİŞİMİN İMKÂNI

The purpose of this study is to identify possibilities and paths of the personality change by taking advantage of the data presented by the science of psychology. The ideal of the religious education for edification of faithful individuals with integrity requires careful examination of the data revealed by developmental psychology. In this study, the views of psychoanalysis, which is the first theory of personality, related to development and change have been investigated. Freud, who was accepted as the most important name of the history of psychology and the founder of the theory states that the development of personality is completed within the first five years. In the meantime, Freud, who emphasizes the instincts in personality development, believes that superego of the child can control the behaviors by developing under the influence of the family environment. Neo-Freudian psychologists admit the importance of the first five years in the development of personality as well as emphasizing that the development continues in the next periods too. Unlike Freud who neglected social and cultural influence in the development of personality, neo-Freudian psychologists have increasingly expressed the social and cultural influence of the development of personality. Erikson, who investigated in detail the phases of development in eight periods; with the lifelong developmental understanding which he revealed, presented clearly the continuity of the development and change. More importantly Erikson, an error that may occur in an earlier stage, articulates the opportunity to be corrected at a later stage. According to Freud and Adler, the first five years, according to Sullivan pre-adolescence, according to Erikson adolescence, according to Jung middle age is the critical period. From the point of view of religious education, it can be said that psychoanalytic theory provides many experimental data which should be taken into consideration.