Pathogenetic role of intestinal dysbiosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

The article decribes the up-to-date view on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Particularly, these metabolic disorders are associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the gut microbiome in obese individuals seems to be more efficient in harvesting energy from the diet. Such differences in gut microbiota composition might function as early diagnostic markers for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in high-risk patients. Lean male donor fecal microbiota transplantation in males with metabolic syndrome resulted in a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in conjunction with an increased intestinal microbial diversity, including a distinct increase in butyrate-producing bacterial strains, that may induce beneficial metabolic effects.