Modification of intestinal microbiota and faecal transplantation as a perspective method of treatment of obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly around the world. Recent investigations have generated an entirely new perspective that the intestinal microbiota may play a significant role in the development of these metabolic disorders. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition promote systemic inflammation that is a hallmark of obesity and subsequent insulin resistance. Thus, it is important to understand the reciprocal relationship between intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic health in order to eventually prevent disease progression. In this respect, faecal transplantation studies have implicated that butyrate-producing intestinal bacteria are crucial in this process and be considered as key players in regulating diverse signalling cascades associated with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.