PCA method used in estimating of mashine-building enterprise competitiveness

The aim of the article. The aim of the article is to develope the reliable method of enterprise competitiveness estimation.The results of the analysis. Taking into account the drawbacks of present integral method of enterprise competitiveness estimation, such as: generic using of method for expert estimation, calculation of competitiveness on the basis of small number of factors, using hard-to-get data, it is offered to use such requirements to the new method as objective estimation while calculating the final value or other component. It is necessary to take into account as more factors as possible that can influence the enterprise competitiveness. Information as the basis for calculation of competitiveness must be in financial report. The developing method should be mathematically should be reasonable.It is adviseble to use method of factor analysis for consolidation of uncertain indexes of enterprise competitiveness. The main purpose of factor analysis is to find out hypothetical values or factors based on small number of experimental data. Factors must be simple and must describe and explain the investigated values in a precise way. So the factor analysis is the method which orders seeming random nature of the investigated phenomenon and generates new ideas.On the basis of calculated main components it is possible to build simpler and at the same time more informative system of description of enterprise competitiveness, to estimate the force of cause-and-effect relations between factors and to found main components, to investigate possibilities of changing analyzed factors under the influence of main components. The given results of grouping according to main components may be used to carry out comparative analysis of factors due to which enterprise has got the best results in rising competitiveness. It will allow finding out new trends for effectiveness growth using productive resources.The authors proposed to use the following indexes of enterprise work as factors for method of main components:coefficient of financial autonomy. It shows which part of assets cost is the own capital (how enterprise is independent from creditors);coefficient of current liquidity characterizes enterprise capability to guarantee short-term duties by selling circulating assets. It gives the most general estimation of assets liquidity;coefficient of general rotational velocity of assets one of the main indexes of an enterprise business activity (characterizes the width of product market);assets profitability characterizes the level of profit from enterprises assets. This index directly depends on demand on enterprises products, so it can be used as indirect index of enterprise competitiveness;coefficient of provision of turnover with own circulating assets. It provides the truest estimation of enterprise provision with own circulating assets as it synthesizes the results of balance and report about financial results of enterprise in the investigated period.The authors choose the plants which work in the field of railway machine building: PJSC Azovobschemash, PJSC Dneprowagonmash, OJSC Krukovo wagon building plant, OJSC Holding Luganskteplovoz, OJSC Stakhanov wagon building plant for defining the coefficient of competitiveness of machine building enterprises.The first main component (factor 1) explains 81,48% of general variation, because if we include only the first component, we describe 81,48% of changes of four components with one variable. It is quite enough for practical usage. After data analysis in the pack of Statistica it was got the ratio which expresses indexes of enterprises competitiveness dependence.Conclusions and directions of further researches. So it was developed new method of calculating enterprise competitiveness based on the method of main components. This method meets all the requirements. It may be used for analyzing other enterprise competitiveness.