Understanding the Role of microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Intracranial Aneurysms

Treatment options for the management of intracranial aneurysms (IA) remain associated with significant morbidity and mortality. As a result, there is a need to identify biochemical markers predictive of the presence of IAs and the risk of rupture. Genetic factors play a key role in IA pathogenesis, as evidenced by the increased susceptibility to IA formation and rupture in the familial form of the disease. microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate gene expression, have been demonstrated to be differentially expressed in multiple disease states. To date, little data exists pertaining to miRNA expression and IAs. We review the literature examining miRNA expression and IA formation, progression, and rupture. The relationship between miRNA expression profiles and the specific molecular and cellular processes driving IA genesis are examined. The potential clinical relevance of miRNA is also discussed, as it relates to improving the means by which the risk of rupture is estimated.