THE LOCAL POLITIC, KYAI, AND THE FIGHT OF ORENG KENEK IN SAMPANG 1992-1997

There are two questions underlying this study. That is, why did the fight against the government by oreng kenek take place?, and what was the patern of their fight like from year to year? In this study the fight done by the oreng kenek against the government became their tradition from the Dutch government occupation up to the era of Indonesian government. In the era of Orde Baru the relation of oreng kenek and the government was not in harmony due to the hard competition of PPP and Golkar, then it spread out to any aspects of life. PPP as Islamic party was guided by kyais, where as Golkar was the representation of the government. This competition was not only in the context of political rivalry but also perceived by oreng kenek as the conflict between Islam and the enemy of Islam, PPP the Islam against Golkar the kafir to be kicked away due to the perception that it would threaten the existence of Islam. Such exclusive attitude and glorification were established surely due to the presence of a kyai (Alawy Muhammad) who keep planting and reproducing people's hate towards the government with several Islamic symbols and discourses. The fight of oreng kenek constantly has the same pattern, that is, by the religious spirit (jihad) under the guidance of charismatic leders such as Kyai Alawy Muhammad, therefore the study used the theory of Marx Weber regarding the values affecting and underlying the movement, and by the charisma of the leader. The fight reached its peak on 29 Mei1997 with many victims. Cheating was systematically committed by Golkar in every general election, and the absence of the government in people's poor life made kyais and oreng kenek disappointed so that contempt and hate are considered ‘legitimate'. The hate was manifested in various forms of rebellion ranging from a kind of sabotage and civil disorder up to strikes and riots.