Creation of breeding material of Ribes nigrum L., Ribes rubrum L., Grossularia reclinata Mill. by autopolyploidy

The article presents the aspects of creation of breeding material of blackcurrant (R. nigrum L.), redcurrant (R. rubrum L.), and gooseberry (Gr. reclinata Mill.) using the method of experimental autopolyploidy. During the experiments, the autotetraploids of R. nigrum L., R. rubrum L., Gr. reclinata Mill. from the Belarusian assortment were created, and perspective forms for breeding and practical purposes were identified. An effective way to obtain the autotetraploids of R. nigrum, R. rubrum, Gr. reclinata is an apical buds treatment in the early stages of budding with 1 % aqueous solution of colchicine for 36 hours by imposing gelatin capsules. Autotetraploids of currant and gooseberry have an increased size of tissue cells of vegetative organs (epidermal cells, stomata, chloroplasts) and generative organs (flowers, fruits), which is the criterion for their primary selection. The final selection should be done based on the cytological analysis. Induced autotetraploids of R. nigrum, R. rubrum, Gr. reclinata is a qualitatively new raw material that can be used for breeding of these cultures in polyploid level to create forms with large fruits, low amount of seeds and a compact bush shape.