Pleuro-pericarditis Revealing Celiac Disease

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an auto immune disease that often one or more disorders may be associated especially endocrine but also heart disorders. We report a patient case with idiopathic hypo-parathyroidism and CD revealed by pleuro-pericarditis. Observation: A 23-year-old woman was admitted in intensive care unit for epileptic-evil condition following dyspneising pleurisy. She has been diagnosed as epileptic case since 5 years and she had undergone surgery for right cataract. On the physical examination, she exhibited a tachycardia and breathing rales at pulmonary auscultation. She had clinical signs of chronic hypocalcaemia, without gastrointestinal complaints. Chest x-ray revealed cardiomegaly and right pleurisy. The cardiac ultrasound demonstrated very abundant bilateral pleural and pericardial effusion. The phosphocalcic balance resulted in a severe hypocalcemia at 0.8 mmol / l and hypo-parathyroidism was confirmed. In addition to the surgical drainage, she had calcium and vitamin D supplementation. CD was suspected after the resistance for a high supplementation and confirmed by endoscopy. Under a gluten-free diet (GFD), the evolution was marked by the stability of serum calcium levels and disappearance of pleural and pericardial effusion. Conclusion: The possibility of celiac disease should be considered in patients with hypoparathyroidism and pericarditis that seems unduly difficult to treat. This should be evaluated even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.