Electricity Model for Energy Security in India

ABSTRACT Energy is supplied in the form of electricity, heat or fuels and an energy supply system must guarantee sustainable energy supplies, production and distribution of energy. A system which can be utilized as integrated energy system which can satisfy the electricity needs of the country in appropriate and sustainable manner is developed in this paper. Integrated Energy System for electricity generation is modeled and optimized using LINGO 10.0 software. The objective function targets at minimizing the cost and the constraints take care of various other factors such as demand, potential, reliability and emission. The production and demand for various energy sources in India is estimated with the help of data from various government departments. The electricity optimization model is prepared for the base year i.e. 2004. This model is a top-down optimization which requires energy requirements as a prerequisite. This model can be used to forecast the future energy mix for electricity generation in India. It is found that for the base year, 56.76% of the total demand is met by coal indicating that the country is mostly dependent on coal which is the primary energy resource. Gas meets about 8.21% of the total electricity demand while from nuclear energy only 0.875% of demand is being met. Whereas amongst the renewable energy sources hydro meets 10.61% of the total demand while wind meets 17.33% and biomass 6.2% of the total demand. Oil and Solar PV does not contribute to meeting the energy demand, as the unit cost of electricity generation from these sources is comparatively higher.