IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN KARAKALPAKSTAN IN THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES

In this article the author based on the study of written sources, the results of archaeological expeditions and historiographical material fully discloses the features of the irrigation system in Karakalpakstan in the XVIII - early XX centuries. In particular, he highlights three types of irrigation in Central Asia used depending on the environmental conditions: mountain, plain and kariz (clay) irrigation. In addition, the Kazakh settlements in river basins of Central Asia and their agricultural economy were studied in this paper.