Notes on the Role of the Cerebellum in ADHD

The present article collects sources of evidence for the involvement of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of attention–deficit⁄hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reviews the proposed theories of the relationship between cerebellar pathology and behavioral manifestations of ADHD. We review the findings of motor symptoms in ADHD and their relationship with the cerebellum. Furthermore, we introduce the neuroimaging findings related to ADHD, its development and the cerebellum. Additionally, we briefly review the anatomical findings describing the substrate for cerebellar involvement in cognition and the findings of functional neuroimaging studies suggesting topographic organization within cerebellar regions specialized for motor, cognitive or emotional regulation. Finally, we introduce the current conceptualization of cerebellar involvement in ADHD.