Consideration of Peculiarities of the Menstrual Cycle in Athletes Engaged in Pankration

Тhe development of modern women's sports is taking place quite intensively today, involving young women, both puberty and adolescence, and the first reproductive age. For many years, female athletes have been involved in initially male sports, including sports and in various types of martial arts, such as pankration. The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of the formation and flow of the ovarian-menstrual cycle (OMC) in athletes of pubertal, adolescent and first reproductive age who go in for pankration. The purpose of study is to reveal the changes in the dynamics of the formation and flow of ОMC in athletes of different age groups engaged in pankration. This research was conducted in September-October 2017 on the basis of the sports club (SC) "Pankration", in Novaya Kakhovka, Kherson region. There were two groups of athletes (n=37) engaged in pankration. To obtain the necessary information about the state of the menstrual cycle and its components in two groups of athletes, we used such research methods as questionnaires and interviewing. The condition of the menstrual function was evaluated by the questionnaire method using the author's version of the questionnaire (Bugaevsky K. A., 2009). When determining the parameters of the OMC, we conducted an evaluation of such informative reproductive indicators as: the age of the onset of menarche (the first menstruation), the timing of the menstrual cycle establishment, its duration, and the duration of menstrual bleeding. We also used the method of literary analysis, and the method of mathematical statistics. It was established that in all age groups there are numerous combined types of menstrual cycle disorders, mainly in the form of hypo menstrual phenomena syndrome, with the oligo-opson-hypomenorrhea phenomena. It was found out that 8 (57.14%) of puberty age athletes started pankration before the menarche began. These athletes showed the emerging phenomena of hypo menstrual syndrome with the phenomena of moderate premenstrual syndrome (MPS) and algo-dysmenorrhea. We detected pronounced PMS and algo-dysmenorrhea on the background of the formed hypomenstrual syndrome in 4 (28,57%) female puberty age athletes who started their studies 1.5-2 years after menarche. In the group of young sportswomen hypominstrum syndrome is practically formed, manifestations of MPS are marked in 10 (83,33%) althletes, in 2 (16,66%) they are moderate. All 12 (100%) athletes have the symptoms of algo-dysmenorrhea. We reliably determined the manifestations of secondary amenorrhea, with no menstrual bleeding in terms of 60 to 120 days in 4 (36.36%) of the 1st reproductive age athletes. In 7 (63,63%) female athletes the menstrual cycle is still unstable, with pronounced manifestations of the hypomenstrual syndrome and with a tendency towards the formation of secondary amenorrhea and the implication of MPS and algo-dysmenorrhea. The dynamics of observing ОMC changes in all three age groups of athletes involved in pankration clearly reflect the relationship between the emerging and already existing violations of ОMC in all groups that participated in our study. We believe that all the revealed changes in the ОMC can be attributed to the adaptation phenomena of female athlete's body to intensive physical and psycho-emotional loads. Prospects for further research are in studying psychological indicators (levels of aggressiveness, situational and personal anxiety, the definition of gender identity type of personality) in these groups of athletes.