COGNITIVE AND COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING

The article is devoted to the cognitive and communicative approach in foreign language teaching. The basic principles and conceptual bases of this approach are defined. In the course of development of the cognitive and communicative method five conceptual bases have to be considered: integration of educational material that most adequately reflects the idea of forming a holistic view of students about the environment and, therefore, the idea of effective formation of their scientific environment; structuring the training material should be made from a position of differentiation, what is the most perspective during profound studying by students of a training material or research and protection of certain objects and the phenomena of environment; interdisciplinary approach in designing of content of training and educational material that allows to unite subjects in the unified teaching and educational system thanks to what the gap between natural and humanitarian cycles of subjects is overcome; individualization of teaching and educational process; activity approach which main objective is formation of scientific outlook, high spirituality and moral qualities of the personality, assistance of vocational guidance and self-realization in the difficult, many-sided sociocultural environment. A.I.Vovk puts forward the following basic principles of communicative and cognitive approach: 1) foreign language teaching in the course of cognitive and communicative activity; 2) stimulation of speech and cogitative activity of the subject of knowledge; 3) creation of authentic conditions of their socialization; 4) accounting of individual informative styles and educational strategy; 5) the development and expansion of space of knowledge; 6) the formation of the language personality; 7) the formation of a picture of the world; 8) the development of multiple intelligence; 9) the contextuality of communicative and cognitive activity; 10) the development of critical thinking; 11) the formation of ability to conceptual structuring information. Also the possibilities of application of cognitive and communicative approach to training of the professional focused reading and annotation in a foreign language are considered. A.Jones identifies five key concepts that characterize the cognitive approach to teaching reading in general: schemes, interactivity, semantic text processing, set of reader's strategy, metacognitive awareness. By means of a cognitive and communicative technique of training in reading in a foreign language is possible to shorten the way of mastering a large amount of professionally oriented foreign language information which is necessary to the student. Reading demands from the student not only ability to read in general, but to read for the purpose of further use of information of the text for writing summary, drafting of plan or citations in scientific research. It is important to use authentic material (the original texts from periodicals, monographs, textbooks, handbooks and other foreign sources).