FEATURES OF DEVIANT MANIFESTATIONS BASED ON ETHNICITY AND THEIR PREVENTION

This article is devoted to the investigation of the problem of deviations and the possible ways of prevention. The main scientific approaches to the problem have been revealed. The analysis of deviations among the young people has been conducted. Special attention is paid to the ethnic deviations. It is underlined that conceptions, ideas, beliefs, norms, roles, values, that is cultural codes being common to different regions, countries or cultures, have a direct impact on the behavior and activities of their representatives and in major cases do not coincide. It is differences in the content of their cultural codes that often cause interethnic problems, conflicts and misunderstanding. Differences in regulatory and value framework, ways of behavior, traditions and customs, dimensional and time paradigm, verbal and non-verbal communication, prevailing modes of thinking, cultural and linguistic world pictures often cause misunderstanding in the process of intercultural interaction. Ukraine, being a multicultural society, requires a new conception of the world, aimed at integrating cultures and nations, their further convergence as well as cultural enrichment. The neglecting of national and ethnic peculiarities of the population enables tension and conflict situations in relationships, which may be observed nowadays. Hence, it is very important to consolidate efforts to find constructive mechanisms of tolerant unity of human communities, their mutual understanding and cooperation in order to preserve cultural diversity as an essential tendency in the human development. In this context very important is multicultural policy of the state and multicultural education which is considered as an important way of prevention of ethnic conflicts. Multicultural education provides the formation of intercultural competence and ability to intercultural communication. Intercultural communication is considered to be a process of interaction between the representatives of different cultures, in which cultural distinctions that significantly affect the consequences of communication are manifested directly or indirectly. Resulting from this understanding of intercultural communication content, the following features of the level of its development can be distinguished: psychological readiness to cooperation with the representatives of other cultures; openness to get to know another culture as well as to perceive psychological, social and other intercultural distinctions; ability to differentiate between the collective and individual in communicative behavior of the representative of other cultures; possession of a set of current communicative means; ability to change behavior modes of communication depending on a situation; observance of the etiquette norms in the communication process; and readiness to overcome social, ethnic and cultural stereotypes.