Molecular and Genotypes Identification of C. Albicans Isolated from Children With Diarrea in Diyala Province-Iraq

BACKGROUND Candida species, one of the most fungi, which isolated from clinical samples that cause many problems to humans, frequently isolated from stools of children with diarrhea. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is, Isolation and identification of Candida spp. and genotype of Candida albicans infection, among children with diarrhea using conventional methods and PCR, and study distribution of Candida spp. and explore the effect of some relevant factors, in Diyala –province. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 children under three years, suffering from diarrhea were included in this study, over a two month period (from 1st October 2016 to 3rd November 2016), in AL-Batool Teaching Hospital. The stool was collected for microscope stool examination, Stool culture on SDA, germ tube test, Chlamydospore formation test, CHROM agar Candida (CAC) and PCR techniques. RESULTS The results showed that, infection rate by Candida spp., among the patients were (64%), (37.5%) of the total isolates were identified Candida as C. albicans, (62%) isolates was identified as non-albicans., of which (21.9%) isolates were C. glabrata, (17.2%) isolate C. parapsilosis, (12.5%) isolates was C. krusei (10.9%) isolates was C. tropicalis. PCR amplification 25S rRNA gene show three genotypes (A, B, C), results showed. (83.3%) for genotype A, (8.3%) for each genotype B and genotype C. the results showed, there are significantly (P< 0.05) higher Candida infection rate among children with previous antibiotic use and without previous antibiotic, actuality (73.1%), The higher infection rate among children consuming non-sterilization water and children consuming sterilization water, actuality 38(73.1%), Although, insignificant(P>0.05), the results showed Candida infection rate higher in male patients compared to female patients (66.7% vs. 60.5%) and high Candida infection rate in (≥2) months patients compared other age groups, actuality 7(77.8%) CONCLUSIONS C. albicans is the most common isolated from among the total Candida species, and Candida glabrata was the most frequent non–albicans species. C. albicans genotype A, is the most frequent genotype in patients, followed by genotype B and C with the equal rate