X-ray Features of the Mucoperiastole of the Alveolar Bay of the Maxillary Sinus, as a Risk Factor for Developing Intraoperative Complications in Subantral Bone Augmentation

Paranasal sinuses pathology is one of the possible factors in developing the dental implantation complications. The frequencies of the mucoperiosteum rupture as one of the most common complications of subantral bone augmentation, is up to 35%. The purpose of the study lies in exploring the relationship between the mucoperiosteum peculiarities of the maxillary sinus and the development of sinus lifting intraoperative complications. Matherials and Methods. We examined 119 patients with sinus lifting and 40 practically healthy subjects. During our study we analyzed the frequency of X-ray features of the mucoperiosteum changes (mucous membrane thickening and the presence of maxillary sinus cysts) in the people underwent sinus lifting with and without using sealing membrane. Results and Discussion. For successful performance of bone subantral augmentation before dental implantation we need to consider not only features of an alveolar shoot of the top jaw but also the state of mucoperiosteum of a maxillary sinus. Existing thickness of mucoperiosteum in a zone of the planned bone augmentation demands an exception of rhinogenic process and needs performing drug treatment or surgical intervention. When planning surgical interventions on a maxillary sine, especially in patients of young age, it is necessary to treat carefully a mucoperiosteum in the alveolar bay. Postoperative hems and inflammatory processes can lead mucoperiosteum which is so important at sinus lifting, to change of barrier functions density. The patients who needed the sealing membrane during sinus lifting had significantly higher frequencies of the mucoperiosteum thickening and maxillary sinus cysts of the alveolar recess in the adenitis area (93,6±6,8 %). Conclusions. The cysts and hyperplasy of the maxillary sinus mucoperiosteum increases the risk of Schneider membrane perforation during sinus lifting. Each patient should be considered as a potential candidate for dental implantation. That is why during maxillary sinus surgery operations we should avoid unnecessary injury of the alveolar bay mucoperiosteum.