A Review of Biogeochemical Composition in Accordance with Bacterial Diversity in Eastern Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea having eastern and western basins with different hydrological and nutrient regimes is characterized by high salinity, temperature, density and low nutrient concentrations. Eastern Mediterranean Sea has higher oxygen and oligotrophy with N or N and P co-limitations. On the other hand, the Gulf of Lions, the Algerian coasts, the North Adriatic, the Nile Delta, the Levantine basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and the North Aegean Sea are identified as the most productive regions. In addition to the geographical separation, geochemical composition of sediments illustrates the differentiation of North Aegean Sea influenced by both Aegean Sea and nutrient-rich Black Sea from Central Aegean Sea and also from South Aegean Sea influenced by both Aegean Sea and oxygen-depleted and oligotrophic Levantine Sea. According to 16S rRNA gene libraries, Acidobacteria are dominant but Firmicutes and Actinobacteria account minor part in deep sediments of Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, together with Gammaproteobacteria they become dominant according to culture-dependent studies in sediments of Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, it has shown that environment effects bacterial characteristics such as higher antibiotic resistance and higher phylogenetic diversity in higher taxa in coastal sediments compared to lower antibiotic resistance and higher phylogenetic diversity in lower taxa in deep-basins of Eastern Mediterranean Sea.