Molecular detection of Giardia lamblia genotypes by nested polymerase chain reaction from diarrheic patients in Diyala / Iraq

Objective: Identification of G. lamblia genotypes and then determine the role of genotypes in presence of different types of diarrhea. Methods: The populations of this study included 100 patients with different age groups who came to the parasitology laboratory in AL-Batol Hospital, AL-Khalis Hospital, Health Centers in Dali Abbas and Khan Bani Saad in Diyala, suffering from gastrointestinal complaints with acute diarrhea. General fecal samples were collected from them during the period between October 2016 to July 2017. Results: Among 39 fecal samples from patients with giardiasis diagnosed by ELISA, the amplification of these samples showed that 5 (23.80%) contained genotype A and 15 (71.42%) samples contained genotype B, while 1(4.76%) contained mixed A and B genotypes. Regarding to gender, genotypes of G. lamblia were more prevalent among males 15/21 (71.42%) than females 6/21 (28.57%), according to age groups differences in distribution of genotypes A and B were found among different age groups of patients. While, according to type of diarrhea G. lamblia showed that 12 cases of genotype B isolates were fatty, 3 cases of genotype A were watery/liquid. Conclusion: G. lamblia genotype B is the most frequent genotype among patients followed by genotype A, and mix A and B., the highest prevalence of genotype B with male, 2-5 age group and link with watery liquid diarrhea.