Prevalence of leptospirosis in Thoothukudi - Southern coastal city, Tamil Nadu

Introduction: Leptospirosis, a Zoonosis with multi-systemic involvement, is caused by the pathogenic strains of Leptospira. Leptospirosis has a very wide range of natural rodent and non-rodent reservoir hosts. . Rural farm workers, sewer workers and fishermen are at high risk for Leptospirosis, and it can be a significant public health problem when water and food safety are not ensured. Few reports are available about circulating Leptospiral species and serogroups in Southern Tamilnadu. Our study wants to highlight the threat of Leptospirosis in coastal areas of southern India so that preventive measures should be initiated. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Leptospirosis in PUO (Pyrexia of unknown origin) cases in Tuticorin - coastal district of Tamil Nadu by serological test IgM ELISA and to analyse the predisposing factors for Leptospirosis. Materials: A Cross-sectional comparative study stretched over a period of 2 months involving 50 cases with clinical suspicion of Leptospirosis, the other causes of fever being excluded. Detailed history taken with complete clinical examination. The diagnostic modality used in this study is IgM Elisa. Results: Out of the 50 cases investigated for leptospirosis, 5 (10%) came out to be positive. Amongst the positive cases, 4 out of 5 had direct animal contact, 4 out of 5 belonged to the rural area and 2 out of 5 had access to common water bodies. Conclusion: Leptospirosis showed higher prevalence among rural people with animal contact and access to water bodies.