DEVELOPING AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SOCIAL CAPITAL, ADAPTIVE-INTEGRATIVE LEADERSHIP, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to build a model of organizational effectiveness at universities through social capital, adaptive-integrative leadership, and competitive advantage. Methods: Structural equation modeling (SEM) supported by AMOS 18.0 with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to test hypotheses on data collected from 130 structural officials working at 28 universities in Central Java. Results: The study revealed that social capital and adaptive-integrative leadership have a significant positive effect on competitive advantage and organizational effectiveness at universities. Conclusion: The managerial implication for the universities was to focus on improving the quality of the partnerships with external parties.