Modulation of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway by dietary phytochemicals

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), also known as NFE2L2, has emerged as a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cellular protection against free radical damage and reduce the incidence of the radical derived degenerative diseases such as cancer. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to ARE leading to induction of a verity of ARE driven detoxification and antioxidant genes. In basal conditions, Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by an inhibitory partner the cytoskeletal anchoring protein Kelch-like ECH associated protein-1 (Keap1) through extensive hydrogen bonds. Inducers dissociate this complex, allowing Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus. A number of studies have elucidated that nutritional compounds can modulate the activation of Nrf2/Keap1 system. This review aims to discuss some of the key nutritional compounds that enhance the activation of Nrf2, with consequent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defensive effects.