Congenital Heart Diseases: Frequency of Different Acyanotic and Cyanotic Lesions in Children

Introduction: Cardiac diseases of congenital origin are the most frequent diseases affecting children especially in first year of life. The most common congenital heart disease is the Ventricular septal defects. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of simple acyanotic and complex cyanotic lesions among children presenting with congenital heart diseases in a tertiary care hospital Nawabshah. Study Design: This study was cross sectional. Setting: This research was carried out at Pediatrics unit of PMCH Nawabshah. Duration: January 2017 to December 2017. Subject and Methods: Data of 165 patients collected who admitted to department of Pediatrics at PMCH Hospital, Nawabshah. Patient's personal information like age, gender, family history of heart disease, collected and a questionnaire was filled. After clinical examination, Echocardiography was performed to confirm for findings of congenital heart disease. Results: Sixty-three children (63%) had cyanotic CHD and 102(61.8%) had simple cyanotic CHD. TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot) was the commonest noted in 64(38.8%), followed by VSD (ventricular septal defect) in 48 (29.1%), ASD (atrial septal defect) in 15 (9.09%), tricuspid atresia in 19 (11.5%), pulmonary stenosis in 15(9.1%) and pulmonary atresia in 9 (5.5%) patients. Conclusion: Acyanotic CHD was the most common lesion than cyanotic CHD. Our study showed a high prevalence of CHDs in pediatric patients with genetic defects. VSD, AVSD, PDA, and ASD are the commonest CHDs in our study. We observed increased prevalence of congenital heart ailments in children. VSD, AVSD, PDA, and ASD were the frequent CHDs observed in current study.