New Insights into the Management and Therapeutics of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes is Insulin dependent diabetes caused due to decrease in the production and secretion of Insulin or resistance to insulin. There may be multiple factors underlying the pathophysiology of the disease, however, maintaining required insulin levels in response to glucose stimulation has been the precise for diverse treatment modalities. With widely used three tier anti-hyperglycemic therapy regimes comprising of monotherapy, dual therapy and triple therapy being unable to avoid therapeutic side-effects and patient morbidity, increasing amount of efforts have to be channelized to find newer targets involved in disease pathophysiology or finding newer therapeutic strategies. Cell based therapies, newer delivery systems and newer leads have shown some promise in laboratory and clinical settings. Promising results have also been obtained from fields which were overlooked in the management of type 2 diabetes. The efficacy of these treatment modalities can be further improved which can be helpful in providing a better, cost-effective and reliable therapeutic approach to manage type 2 diabetes. We present here some of the highlights of such research with considerations for improvising them. Furthermore, we emphasize that lifestyle management of patients enrolled in a particular therapeutic regimen will improvise the efficacy of such treatments. However, while deciding a particular regimen, primary care providers should consider the factors influencing the patient's adherence to such regimens by following a patient-centric approach to ensure maximum efficacy of the chosen regimen. We propose that newer line of drugs or therapies with a conscious effort to include lifestyle management parameters in patients may overcome the current shortcomings in three tier anti-hyperglycemic therapy regime.