Morphological Study and Variations of Gall Bladder

Though human beings are thought to be singularly alike in their general anatomical construction, yet when come to investigate one particular region with more detail, it is surprising how frequently we meet one sort or another type of variation. This is so very true in the case of extra hepatic billiary apparatus, that according to some eminent workers, there is no normal anatomy of extra hepatic billiary tract, instead of common pattern of variation exists and it is the surgeon duty to be familiar with and recognize the normal variations when present. Major biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be prevented by an understanding of extra hepatic biliary ductal and arterial anatomic relationships. The common patterns of anatomic variations are important to the surgeon performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy are reviewed with respect to recently reported biliary injury during this procedure. Recommendations for delineating billiary anatomy and avoiding laparoscopic complications are reviewed.