PSYCHOTHERAPY IN THE FRAME OF ONTICO-ONTOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE. SEVERAL POLEMICAL THESES TO THE DASEINSANALYTICAL CONCEPTION OF ALICE HOLZHEY-KUNZ

The article is devoted to critical discussion of the daseins-analytical conception of a Swiss psychotherapist Alice Holzhey-Kunz. The author tries to explicate an internal contradiction peculiar to the approach of Holzhey-Kunz and at the same time to reveal a productive (heuristic) nature of that inconsistency. The main thesis of the article is that the key conceptual innovation of the Swiss psychotherapist (the substantiation of the emergence of psychic disorders by the onticoontological character of understanding) allows to problematize the principal theoretical framework of her version of Daseinsanalysis, namely the Heidegger's idea of ontico-ontological difference. Such a problematization takes place due to the revealing a fundamental conflict between the ontic and ontological dimensions in the patient's experience; to speak more presicely – between the patient's openness to the ontological truths about himself and his involvement into the ontic dimension of everyday life. The author sees a decisive merit of Holzhey-Kunz in the identification of the existentials (the existential a prioris) as an actual experience of psychotherapeutic patients. The Swiss psychoterapist defines this kind of this-worldly ontological experience as Hellhörigkeit (in German) – which means literally “sensitive hearing” – and treats it as an empirical ground for various forms of psychic suffering. The author argues that the phenomenon of “sensitive hearing” cannot be unambiguously related eirther to the ontological dimension or to the ontic one and thereby calls into question the theoretical clarity of ontico-ontological difference in Heidegger's existential analytics of Dasein. A decisive moment in the experience of “sensitive hearing” is that the authentic revealing of the ontological truth takes place not by virtue of the Dasein's own act. The moment is clearly contrary to the logic of the Heidegger's conception. “Sensitive hearing” presupposes being-affected, passive vulnerability in relation to what you find yourself exposed to (against your own will). Being considered in the context of Being and Time, “sensitive hearing” appears therefore as a kind of “ontopathology” – an inappropriate existential constitution – and by this very irrelevance enables a question concerning possibility of another ontology of human existence. The author concludes that the Holzhey-Kunz' psychotherapeutic interpretation of the Heidegger's principle of ontico-ontological difference reveals the necessity of critical rethinking of the extent to which the corresponding theoretical frame is valid and promising (fruitful) in terms of the philosophical substantiation of psychotherapy.