THE CHANGING DIMENSIONS OF OTHER AUTHORITIES UNDER ARTICLE 12

With the advent of concept of Welfare State, a State is expected to perform myriads of function being responsible from selling of salt to waging of war. The lack of resources and technical expertise has forced to outsource many of its functions to private parties. This paper is an attempt to understand the different approaches adopted by Supreme Court while dealing with Article 12 of our constitution and it also delves into the aspect of enforceability of fundamental rights against private parties. It begins with the textual content of Article 12 of the Indian Constitution. It goes on to analyze the legal and functional approach adopted by the Supreme Court while dealing with Article 12 of the Indian Constitution. It also discusses the role of Indian Supreme Court in dealing with horizontal application of Fundamental Rights. It ends with the authors providing their views