Prevalence of anemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in correlation with Hba1C levels a prospective study

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. This disorder is associated with abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin concentration in blood is below the expected value, when age, gender, pregnancy and certain environmental factors, such as altitude, are taken into account. There is an increasing number of patients with diabetes who have been found to be anemic without any evidence of any chronic renal disease. The aim of the study: To compare the hemoglobin levels among normal controls and patients with type 2 diabetes, to correlate the levels of hemoglobin with the degree of glycemic control (HbAlc >7 g% vs. HbAlc <7 g%), to detect the unrecognized cases of anemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials methods: The total sample size of the present study is 90 among which, 30 were healthy controls, 30 were better glycemic controlled T2DM patients (HbAlc < 7 g%) and 30 were poorly glycemic controlled T2DM patients (HbAlc >7 g%). Blood samples were collected from all the subjects for the estimation of Hb%, HbAlc, FBS, PPBS, Blood Urea, and Serum Creatinine. Results: There was a significant decrease in the hemoglobin percentage in the diabetic group compared to the healthy controls. Among diabetics, the better glycemic control group had a significantly higher hemoglobin percentage. The Hemoglobin percentage among controls, better glycemic control T2DM patients and Poor glycemic control T2DM patients was 13.44 ± 1.38, 12.27 ± 1.75 and 11.4 ± 1.81 respectively. The HbAlc percentage among controls, better glycemic control T2DM patients and Poor glycemic control T2DM patients was 6.08 ± 0.23, 6.64 ± 0.18 and 8.4 ± 1.21 respectively. There was no significant difference with respect to age, demographic characteristics and renal profile (Blood Urea and Serum Creatinine) among the groups. Conclusion: To conclude Anemia is a common finding in Diabetic patients compared to the general population. Further good glycemic control in T2DM will lead to a better hemoglobin percentage in T2DM patients. Among the diabetic group, the better glycemic control group had a better hemoglobin percentage which was statistically significant.