Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a common acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches as a result of loss of functional cutaneous melanocytes. The condition affects 0.5 to 1% of population worldwide. Approximately 25% of affected patients have the onset of vitiligo before the age of 10 years. Genetic, immunological, and neurogenic factors may have a role to play in the pathogenesis. Typically, vitiligo presents as acquired amelanotic macules and patches that appear chalk or milk-white in color. Lesions often show homogenous depigmentation and are well demarcated. Lesions are often symmetrical and enlarge centrifugally in size with time. The most common location is the face, followed by the neck, lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs. The clinical course is generally unpredictable. In children with skin type I and type II, no active treatment other than the use of camouflage cosmetics and sunscreens is usually recommended. Psychological support should be offered when necessary. If treatment is preferred for cosmetic reasons, a variety of treatment options are available. These include topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, narrowband UltraViolet B phototherapy (nbUVB), and monochromatic excimer laser and light at 308nm.