The Napoleonic Dynasty, Their Teeth and Their Dentists

Everyone has heard the name “Napoleon” at least once in their life. He is elevated in our contemporary society as a fundamental and major pillar in the French nation's history, an emblematic heritage in our everyday life. The Emperor's coronation (1804), The Sun of Austerlitz (1805), the victor of the battle of Jena (1806), and that of Wagram (1809). A myth, a legend, but also a dictator. A man who held the whole of Europe in his hand. However, do not his defeats (Aboukir (1798), Trafalgar (1805), Waterloo (1815) for instance) remind us of the fact that this man, as eminent as he was, was also a man with his weaknesses and his flaws? Ultimately, if he suffered from his teeth, what were exactly his dental issues and those of his family? In this study, we will focus on the three Napoleons who ruled.