BIOLOGICAL VALUES OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION SYSTEM INDICATORS IN ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF THE EXERCISE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS

The article summarizes the literature data on the implementation of the biochemical assessment the use of genetically modified organisms, the classification and characteristics of the animal's antioxidant protection system. An important role use in assessing of genetically modified products is played by the antioxidant defense system. The basis of the antioxidant defense system is the glutathione system, consisting of glutathione and enzymes that catalyze the recovery and oxidation reactions. The antioxidant system is conventionally divided into enzymatic and non-enzymatic. The enzymatic system of the antioxidant defense system includes: catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and other enzymes. Non-enzymatic link includes fat-soluble (vitamins A, E and K) and water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and PP), glutathione, ubiquinone, nutrient amines, carotenoids and sterols. The enzymatic link of the antioxidant system is considered in more detail. The activity of antioxidant enzymes is well regulated and depends on the age of the animal, the physiological state, pH of the medium, the rate of synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, the presence of coenzymes, inhibitors and activators, and other factors (radiation exposure, tumor growth, toxicity and other pathological processes)