Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) improves the aversive memory in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 transgenic mice
Journal: Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (Vol.2, No. 3)Publication Date: 2014-06-30
Authors : Natasha Maurmann; Caroline B. de Farias; Gilberto Schwartsmann; Rafael Roesler; René Delgado Hernández; Gilberto L. Pardo Andreu;
Page : 63-72
Keywords : Mangifera indica; memory; nerve growth factor; spinocerebellar ataxia type 2; tumor necrosis factor; Vimang; Ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 2; factor de crecimiento neuronal; factor de necrosis tumoral; memoria;
Abstract
Abstract Context: The spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA-2) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder without specific therapy identified, and it is related to the loss of function in the cerebellum, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neurotoxic processes. Scientific evidence indicates that Mangifera indica L. aqueous extract (MiE) and its major constituent (mangiferin) display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. Aims: To investigate the MiE and mangiferin effects on behavioral outcomes of neurological function in SCA-2 transgenic mice. Methods: The SCA-2 transgenic mice were daily and orally administered during 12 months with MiE (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg), mangiferin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. It was evaluated locomotion (open-field), aversive memory (inhibitory avoidance) and declarative memory (object recognition). To explore possible cellular mechanisms underlying the in vivo effects was also evaluated their effects on nerve grow factor (NGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the human glioblastoma cell line U138-MG supernatant. Results: MiE administration did not affect the object recognition memory, but mangiferin did. The natural extract improved selectively the aversive memory in SCA-2 mice, indicating that MiE can affect behavioral parameters regarding fear-related memory. MiE also induced a significant increase in supernatant levels of NGF and TNF-α in vitro in human U138-MG glioblastoma cells. Conclusions: The results suggest that MiE enhances the aversive memory through a mechanism that might involve an increase in neurotrophin and cytokine levels. These findings constitute the basis for the use of the natural extract in the prevention/treatment of memory deficits in SCA-2. ********************************************************** Resumen Contexto: La ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 2 (SCA-2) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva, sin una terapia específica. Se asocia con pérdida de la función del cerebelo, disfunción mitocondrial, estrés oxidativo y neurotoxicidad. Evidencias científicas indican que el extracto acuoso de Mangifera indica L. (MiE) y su componente mayoritario (mangiferina) poseen propiedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatorias y neuroprotectoras. Objetivos: Investigar los efectos de MiE y mangiferina sobre parámetros conductuales de la función neurológica en ratones transgénicos portadores de la SCA-2. Métodos: Los animales se trataron diariamente y por vía oral, durante 12 meses con MiE (10, 50, y 100 mg/kg), mangiferina (10 mg/kg) o vehículo. Se evaluaron la locomoción, la memoria aversiva y la memoria declarativa. También se evaluaron sus efectos sobre los niveles del factor de crecimiento neuronal (NGF) y el factor de necrosis tumoral- α (TNF- α) en un cultivo de células neuronales. Resultados: El extracto no afectó la memoria de reconocimiento de objetos, pero la mangiferina sí la modificó. También mejoró selectivamente la memoria aversiva de los ratones SCA-2, indicando que puede afectar la memoria asociada al temor en esta patología. Además, el MiE indujo significativamente los niveles de NGF y TNF- α in vitro, en los sobrenadantes del glioblastoma humano U138-MG. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que el MiE mejora la memoria aversiva por medio de mecanismos que pueden involucrar un incremento en los niveles de neurotrofinas y citocinas y constituyen las bases para el uso del extracto natural en la prevención/tratamiento del déficit de memoria en la SCA-2.
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