GENETICS IN MODERN SPORTS: SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEW ACHIEVEMENTS

Sports genetics is only at the beginning of the way, but, with this, it opens up many prospects for biomedical support of sports. Use of genetic peculiarities of the organism will lead mankind to new records, because nowadays it is not only perseverance, regular exercise, willpower and motivation of an athlete that are important, but also the "Olympic" inheritance. Application of modern molecular genetic methods makes it possible to identify individual characteristics of a human body. To this date, there are known about 200 genes associated with the development and manifestation of physical characteristics of an individual. Detailed study of these genes is necessary for proper organization of the training process and for prediction of athletes' potentials. The topic of this article is undoubtedly relevant nowadays, because sports genetics is one of the main trends of modern medicine that will allow athletes to achieve top results. Genetic approach to the problem of sports orientation and selection of athletes will certainly permit to avoid drawbacks and ineffectiveness of coaching activity and will ensure high rates of preparation of athletes. With the help of genetic tests we can not only determine predisposition to a particular sport, but also identify probable health problems, which can become a serious obstacle to sports victories. It should also be noted that such genetic studies have been used not only in professional sports but also for the proper organization of fitness and body shaping. This article is devoted to the issues of sports genetics, history of its formation and development, and application in modern sports. In it, the major genes that are of practical value in the study of human physical abilities, are examined in detail. Special attention is given to the problem of gene doping and methods of its detection.