Long-Term Analysis of Polio Epidemiological Situation in Russian Federation and The Republic of Tatars Tan

Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease of the viral etiology. The causative agent of this infection is poliovirus. The target system of poliovirus is the nervous system when it penetrates a human body. According to official data of the World Health Organization, in most cases children under the age of 5 are exposed to poliomyelitis. The studied infectious nosology refers to immunocontrolled pathologies, which helps to minimize risks for public health. In Russian Federation (RF) vaccination against poliomyelitis is included in the National calendar of preventive vaccinations. However, there are risks associated with migration processes. In this study, they used the data from state reports of the Federal Service for the Supervision of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare Protection (Rospotrebnadzor) "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of RF population" to analyze the epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the following report data from Rospotrebnadzor Department in RT: "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Republic of Tatarstan" in 2012-2016. They analyzed the forms of the federal statistical observations № 1, 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases" for the same period with the use of statistical processing methods. It has been established that during the period under study, the cases of poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus strain have not been recorded on the territories of Russian Federation and RT. A similar situation with vaccine-associated polio is recorded in RT during 2012-2016. In general, the cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis were registered in Russian Federation during 2013 (6 cases), 2014 (5 cases) and 2016 (1 case). The immunization of the population against poliovirus in RF and RT is characterized as stably high. Thus, the vaccination / revaccination rates are at 95% or higher from the planned number. This measure is regarded as an effective management decision during the prevention of poliomyelitis. Such factors as migration processes with poliomyelitis endemic countries, the emergence of vaccine-producing poliomyelitis viruses are identified as epidemiological risks that can adversely affect the sanitary and epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in Russian Federation.