Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutants throught in vitro selection tolerant on lowland tropic1

Wheat engineering to improve genetic character and to increase genetic variability for lowland tolerant was not yet give superior inbred lines. The improvement of genetic variability depends on introduction lines from Turkey, India and Mexico that is highland tolerant. Wheat plants derived from the subtropics. This plant will be develops in Indonesia. The goal of this research is to engineered lowland wheat. The research was done at BB-Biogen plant tissue culture laboratory from July 2011 until December 2013. Six varieties were used such as Dewata, Selayar, Alibey, Oasis, Rabe and HP1744. This research consists of 4 stages. The first stage was the production of best callus on MS medium containing 3 gr/l 2.4-D (the best two varieties was choose). The second stage was induced mutation of embryogenic callus using EMS. The third stage was in vitro selection at temperature 27–35°C. The last stage was callus regeneration from in vitro selection. The best result for callus production was 76% for Dewata variety and 70% for Selayar variety. The higher concentration of EMS and the longer the soaking time used decreased callus growth percentage. LC50 of Dewata variety was 0.3% EMS at 30 minutes and LC50 of Selayar variety was 0.1% EMS at 60 minutes. Dewata and Selayar variety have tolerant at temperature 27°C with value of 4.2 and 3.6. The higher the temperature the more diminished the tolerant adaptation of the plants. At higher temperature, callus growth inhibited. Even at the highest temperature (35°C) callus did not grow and die. Highest number of regenerated shoots produced on media RG2 (medium MS containing 0.1 mg/l BA, 2 mg/l kinetin, 0.05 g/l tyrosine, 6% sorbitol and 3% sugar) at 1.8 and 2.2.