Literature Review on Lung Nodule Segmentation for Detection of Cancerous Nodules

According to the World Health Organization Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. Approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. The most common cancer are Lung, Breast, Colorectal, Prostate, Skin cancer and Stomach. Where lung and breast cancer cases are the most reported among the all. Officially around 2.09 million cases were recorded in the year of 2018 where the most common deaths are recorded in the case of lung cancer which is estimated to be 1.76 million deaths. Cancer arises from the transformation of normal cells into tumour cells in a multistage process that generally progresses from a pre-cancerous lesion to a malignant tumour. Between 30–50% of cancers can currently be prevented by avoiding risk factors and implementing existing evidence-based prevention strategies. The cancer burden can also be reduced through early detection of cancer and management of patients who develop cancer. Many cancers have a high chance of cure if diagnosed early and treated adequately. This paper focuses on briefing the techniques used by different authors for the early detection of lung cancer to decrease the death rate caused from lung cancer.