Functional Morphometric Research on Blood Regulating Organs in Animal Models with Special Emphasis on Cardiovascular Conditions: A Review

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the number one killer in the world and more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. Since the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases are not yet fully understood, extensive research work has been carried out to improve the basic information on the morphology and histology in different species during past few decades. Since late 1970s focus of research shifted to bovine species. These studies were complemented by the morphology of inner organs of laboratory and wild animals. Parallel, the correlation between the morphological and histological parameters in health and disease conditions was recorded. There are some correlations between some connective tissue parameters, which establish a morpho physiological relation with the three organs which are important for the regulation of the cardiovascular system namely heart, kidney and adrenal gland. This reviews is an attempt to compile scattered information on structural morphology of the blood pressure regulating organs in domestic species and to determine their role in exploring anatomic-pathological cardiovascular.