Challenges and Threats to Security of the Russian Federation: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects

The legal provision and scientific and theoretical substantiation of the ecological security has changed objectively due to the new threats that have appeared in this sphere. It has had an effect on the Russian Federations activity in the field of ecology protection of our country. This fact is proved by signing by V. V. Putin the Strategy of RF Ecological Security for the Period till 2015 in April, 2017. When examining into the content of the Strategy a serious attention should be paid to its theoretical and methodological constituent, including the problem of the conceptual construct. Accordingly, the aim of our article is an analysis of the terminological basis of the ecological security category in terms of generalization of the Russian legislation and present-day scientific toolkit. The main attention is given to the following concepts: danger, challenge, threat to ecological security. The article presents positions of various authors explaining the correlation of challenge, danger and threat to ecological security. We also dwell on the characteristic of the Strategy of ecological security, its content, inherent drawbacks, specify the internal and external challenges and threats to ecological security while underlining the importance of scientific approaches to their classification. Frequent appeal to the word combination ecological security shows that scientific publications, statutory documents, social and political journalism lack a uniform interpretation of the concept under consideration. It is logical enough to make a conclusion that it by no means contributes to development of the ecological security theory and, first of all, to practical implementation of the tasks of providing this type of security in Russia. An emphasis is laid on the fact that unfortunately the Strategy of Ecological Security has generally sidestepped the problem of the conceptual construct.