CRISES AS A PHENOMENON OF MACROECONOMIC PROCESS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON REFORMING OF ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

The perspective of a research of the nature of crises in world economy in the context of the analysis of theories of crises in a world economic thought, experience of carrying out economic reforms, uses of models of crisis management in economic practice is considered. It is noted that the first economic crises, aggravation of social contradictions in the middle of the 19th century. have caused need of theoretical judgment of emergence, development of crises and measures for their overcoming. Separate theories of crises in a world economic thought are considered: the theory of recurrence K. Marx who saw the reason of crisis in the nature of capitalism, in a contradiction between the public nature of production and the private nature of assignment of his results; neoclassical and liberal schools in economy accented on underconsumption of the population, defiant overproduction, respectively consumption stimulation was considered as crisis response measures; the concept of the American institutionalism based on the idea of state regulation of economy and social control over production; concept of recurrence of J. M. Keynes according to which the market system has no balance her stabilization requires active, purposeful economic policy of the state: measures of fiscal, tax and budgetary regulation, stimulation of cumulative demand, increase in investments, employment, GNP volume; the theory of crises of M. Tugan-Baranovsky who considered that the imperfection of a market mechanism leads to violation of proportionality in economy which overcoming is possible by regulation of investments; the theory of "long waves" of M. Kondratyev which is based on the cyclic fluctuations of an economic environment covering the long periods (50-60 years) and allows to predict development of a world economic conjuncture; sociocultural approach to studying of the nature of social crises which comprises the idea that it is necessary to consider crisis state not only in especially economic aspect, but also in the context of all sociocultural range of public life, overcoming crisis by cardinal change of system of values in modern society.