BIOLOGICAL CLEANING OF WASTE WATER IN ANAAEROBIC CONDITIONS. PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

The article considered the problems: irrational use of water resources by industry and population; insufficient efficiency of modern methods of wastewater treatment. Annual water consumption in the globe for all types of water supply is 3300-3500 km3 . Most of the water after its use for household needs is returned to the rivers in the form of sewage. Today the following directions of rational use of water resources are defined: more full use; the development of new technological processes that prevent the pollution of water bodies and minimize the consumption of fresh water. Modern biological methods of wastewater treatment were compared. The technology of sewage treatment in anaerobic conditions is considered. The process of anaerobic sewage treatment has found its widespread use in industry, the runoff of which is rich in organic pollutants. An anaerobic method of purification can be considered as one of the most promising in the presence of high concentrations in wastewater of organic compounds or for cleaning domestic wastewater. The stages and features of the process of cleaning in the methane tanks are presented. In the process of research on this topic, final products of methane fermentation and ways of their use in energy and fertilizer production were established. The main components of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, the ratio of which depends on the substrate and the characteristics of the fermentation process. The other end product of methane fermentation is the fermented mass (sludge) containing the same useful substances as manure. The forgotten mass is well separated mechanically on centrifuges and separators. The products of division are fugat (liquid fraction) and sediment (dehydrated sludge). Appropriate organic waste for the fermentation process with the greatest calorific value is established. The current state and prospects of development of anaerobic sewage treatment in Ukraine with the obtaining of an alternative energy source have been analyzed.