Genome Editing: Tools and Application in Plants

The emergence of genome editing methods promises a real revolution in genetic engineering. These technologies rely on engineered nucleases that cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner because of the presence of a sequence-specific DNAbinding domain or RNA sequence. Genome editing by engineered nuclease have the potential to change the genomic architecture of a genome at precise locations, with desired accuracy. Several engineered nucleases, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and TAL effectors nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR CAS 9 have been used in plants, promising to revolutionize conventional methods of genetic engineering. Targeted editing of the genomes of an organism used to improve productivity and quality of crops. Given the power of genome editing tools and the increasing number of researchers using and developing these tools, a revolutionary change is taking place in crop that resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses to meet the increasing demand for food and ensure world food security in the future. The review highlights the broad applicability of engineered Nuclease (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR CAS 9) mediated targeted plant genome editing and their application for development of designer crops.