OBESITY AND MICRONUTRIENT DISBALANCE IN CHILDREN

Recently, obesity has been regarded as a ‘disease of civilization' due to its high growth rate in all age groups. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of children with overweight and obesity in the world increased from 31 million to 42 million during 1999-2015, and the prevalence of this pathology in developing countries is 30% higher than in developed countries. According to WHO forecasts, by 2025 the number of children with obesity will reach 70 million. The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population of Russia in 2017 amounted to 363.3/100,000 children under 14 years of age and 733.4/100,000 in adolescents. The prevalence of obesity in the Ryazan region was 2.5 times the national parameter. The review provides the data on the risk of transformation of childhood obesity into adult obesity, which contributes to the growth of pathology of different organs and systems, worsens the course of concomitant chronic pathology. In addition to the influence of external and behavioral factors on the formation of obesity, the role of vitamin D in the regulation of hormonal-metabolic homeostasis of the body has been actively discussed in recent decades, as well as the importance of insufficient supply of obese patients with other vitamins and microelements. The review contains results of studies of the role of vitamins D, E, C and microelements (zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium, copper, selenium etc.) in the pathogenesis of obesity and in comorbid diseases in children. However, analysis of the modern literature does not permit to make a conclusion about the role of vitamin D and micronutrient status in the development of obesity. Therefore, the study of probable relationships between them is of undoubted scientific and practical interest.