THE SEARCH OF THE SENSE OF THE FIRE SAFETY

Based on the resemblance of the problems of the nuclear and fire safety we have examined the actual issues of the normative regulation of the fire safety: terminology, role of the probabilistic methods, criteria of the quality of the normative legal documents, periodicity of their revision. We have carried out the analysis of the legislation acting in the field of the fire safety. We have compared the definitions of the main terms. We have proposed to introduce into the norms and rules of the fire safety the following definition of the conception “fire safety of the object” as “the ability of the object to prevent fire with certain probability”. We have presented the schematic connection of this conception with the normative definition of the fire safety of human being. The accomplished analysis allowed to specify the sense of the idea of the fire safety enhancement. We have analyzed the normative target indices, established in the federal norms and rules for the evaluation of the nuclear safety. These indices have been compared with the criteria of the individual fire risk. We have proposed a pithy interpretation of these criteria. We have compared the situation with the legislation in the field of fire safety and in the field of nuclear safety. We have reviewed the procedure of the elaboration of normative legal documents and analysed the roles of different parties taking part in this procedure. We have presented criteria of the quality of these documents, taken into account the domestic and foreign experience of design and operation, scientific and technical experience, experience in the field of the expert examination and safety supervision. The main criterion of the acting normative document is coordination of all the Parties participating in its elaboration. The main direction of the improvement of the normative base for the fire safety is a coherent, systematical development of the acting documents based on the accumulated experience of all the Parties participating in its elaboration, taking into account the results in the contiguous areas.