Nanostructured Electrodes For Biosensing: An Innovative Technology With Huge Potential Applications | AJBSR

Nanomaterials is a recent technology with a wide landscape of potential applications in several fields. In particular, recent researches have demonstrated their appropriateness for biosensing applications in the clinical diagnosis and prevention of several important pathologies. Recent developments in the application of Carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene electrodes have proven their outstanding capabilities of detecting the presence of electroactive compounds in biological fluids, thanks to their excellent electrical conductivity, large surface area and low cost. The structure of graphene is two-dimensional with the carbon atoms forming hexagonal lattices, providing a large surface area for chemical detection. The ability of rapid electron transfer kinetics at the basal planes of graphene sheets act as nanoconnectors and thus electrically facilitates the heterogeneous electron transfer between the biomolecules and electrode substrate, resulting in excellent sensing performance. As one of the most important applications of biosensors, Dopamine (DA) detection in biological fluids is gaining a lot of attention both from researchers and practitioners. In fact, in the last years, dopamine concentration in human body fluids has been related to some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer's diseases [1]. The possibility to have a bio-marker for these disease is of extreme importance because, disease related with dementia, are diagnosed when they are already developed and their management become almost impossible. The possibility to continuously monitor DA level in fluids, such as blood and urine, could accelerate the early diagnosis of these diseases.