VASOMOTOR FUNCTION OF THE ENDOTHE-LIUM IN YOUNG PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT SOMATOTYPE WITH NORMAL AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

The aim of the study was to evaluate vasomotor endothelial function in young people, 18-22 years of age, of different somatotype with normal and high blood pressure (BP). Materials and methods of research. Two groups of subjects were selected: the first control group – subjects in which the value of blood pressure corresponded to the optimal level (125 surveyed), the second group – systolic blood pressure exceeded 130 mmHg and (or) diastolic – 85 mmHg (135 people). Somatotype was determined by the method of Carter and Heath, which is recommended for people of both sexes between the ages of 14 and 70 and is the most common today. The evaluation of vasomotor function of the endothelium was performed using a post-exclusive reactive hyperemia test according to the method of Rogoza and Zairova (2011). The survey was conducted by computer rheographic complex «Reocom» (manufactured at scientific and technical center «KAI-Medica» Kharkiv, Ukraine). The rheovasogram (RVG) of the right hand was recorded at baseline for 5 minutes, before which the baseline blood pressure (two measurements) was measured. Subsequently, air was pumped into the occlusal cuff for 5 minutes with a pressure that exceeded the value of systolic blood pressure by 50 mmHg and within 5 minutes of occlusion, blood pressure was monitored (two measurements). After a sharp decompression during the next 5 minutes continued to register RVG in the period of post-exclusive reactive hyperemia, and also monitored the level of blood pressure (three measurements). Evaluation of vasomotor function of endothelium was performed according to the index of the relative amplitude of the main wave of the rheovasogram of the hand to the initial value. An increase of more than 23.2 % testified to normal vasomotor function and at a value less than 23.2 % of impaired vasomotor function of the endothelium. Results. Therefore, we found an increase in the incidence of endothelial dysfunction in young individuals with dominated endomorphic component in the somatotype. This may be due to a decrease in nitric oxide production, which causes an imbalance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. The decrease in the concentration of nitric oxide in these individuals can be caused by a decrease in the activity of NO synthetase (NOS), which exists in three isoforms: neuronal (nNOS, NOS I), endothelial (eNOS, NOS III) and macrophage (iNOS, NOS II). The expression level of the first two forms is almost constant throughout life and is genetically determined, whereas the production of macrophage NOS depends on exogenous and en-dogenous factors. Thus, it can be assumed that indi-viduals with an endomorphic somatotype have a certain genetic tendency to reduce NOS production compared to other somatotypes. It should also be borne in mind that the constitutional feature of individuals with endomorphic component of somatotype is the predom-inance of adipose tissue, which usually causes excess weight due to a decrease in physical activity. Conclusions. In young people with high blood pressure and predominance of the endomorphic com-ponent in somatotype, a decrease in vasomotor function of the endothelium was found, which indicates a decrease in the synthesis of nitric oxide by endothelial cells, which can be caused by both constitutional char-acteristics and lifestyle features. Among subjects with normal blood pressure and with predominance of the endomorphic component of somatotype, there was also a decrease in vasomotor function of the endothelium, but the percentage of such examinations was signifi-cantly lower, compared with the group of high blood pressure.