Energy Saving and Handover Decision Algorithm for Cellular Base Station Comunication Systems in Nigeria

The energy consumption at the base station accounts for more than 60% of the total energy consumption of the cellular network. Due to space time characteristics of the traffic, base station cannot allocate resources reasonably, which results in wasting energy consumption. In this research work we presented an Energy saving and hand over decision algorithm (ESHODA) which is based on load balancing in a heterogeneous network. All base station will continuously be in a state until there's a change in the traffic. As the number of user equipment change the algorithm put to sleep base stations that are having less number of user and hand over users to nearby base station or back to the macro base thereby reducing the energy consumption at those site. As the traffic reduced further more of the pico base station were put to sleep mode as user allocated to them were less than average. This offers better energy saving at lower traffic. When the traffic begins to increase these pico base station will be turn back on to compliment the increase in interference due to traffic. The energy saving and hand over decision algorithm was implemented in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB). The developed algorithm was compared with the relevant specification of the 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) Always-on scheme. The results show that the developed sleep mode algorithm achieved an improvement of up to 75% and 50% in terms of energy savings for the pico cells at low and medium traffic, respectively. For the overall heterogeneous network, the improvements of 9.89% and 7.18% were achieved for low and medium traffic, respectively and quality of service was not affected.