Wireless Sensor Networks with Minimum Utilization and Maximum Life Time under Joint Routing

The design of applications and protocols for sensor networks has the issues of minimizing energy utilization and maximizing network lifetime. Energy-efficient sensor state planning consists in finding an optimal assignment of states to sensors in order to maximize network lifetime. It is based on Joint Routing & Coverage constraints, the wireless sensor networks consists of large numbers of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). It capable of measuring & reporting physical variables. The MEMS are combined and form Joint Routing. Coverage of the sensors should be constraint such that the range of access is limited. It reduces the usage of energy which is used by WSN. Because WSN’s are limited power as well as processing. Only a limited set of sensors that fully covers that monitored area can be switched on while the other sensors are turned off. So address the optimal planning of sensors states in cluster based sensor networks. The Wireless Sensor Networks minimizing energy (power) which is used by Sensors and by means of reducing the power consumption, it will maximize the life time of Network. The optimal planning of sensors states can be addressed in cluster-based sensor networks. In this, any sensor can be in the state of turned on, turned off or promoted as cluster head and a different power consumption level is associated with each of these states. An energy optimal topology that maximizes network life time while ensuring simultaneously full area coverage and sensor connectivity to cluster head, which are constrained to form a spanning tree used as a routing topology. UWB is a Radio Frequency (RF) technology that transmits binary data, using low energy and extremely short duration impulses or bursts (in the order of picoseconds) over a wide spectrum of frequencies. It delivers data over 15 to 100 meters and does not require a dedicated radio frequency, so is also known as carrier-free, impulse or base-band radio