Removal Techniques Of Phosphorus From Waste Water To Enhance Its Reuse Potential To Meet The Water Crises

Wastewater contains high levels of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus depending on industrial sources, water conservation, or whether a detergent ban is in place. Excessive release of these to the environment can lead to a buildup of nutrients, called eutrophication, which can in turn lead to the overgrowth of weeds and algae. Chronic symptoms of over-enrichment include low dissolved oxygen, fish kills, murky water, and depletion of desirable flora and fauna. In addition, the increase in algae and turbi turn, leads to higher levels of disinfection by removal of organics and nutrients from wastewater is required by many regulato toxicity, oxygen demand, and eutrophication effect. Many wastewater treatment plants have been designed or upgraded to remove nitrogen and phosphorus by biological and chemical means. To achieve lower effluent limits, facilities have to look beyond conventional treatment technologies. To control eutrophication in receiving water bodies, biological nutrient removal (BNR) of nitrogen and phosphorus has been widely used in wastewater treatment practice, both for the upgrade of existing wastewater treatment facilities and the design of new facilities. However, implementation of BNRAS systems presents challenges due to the technical complexity of balancing influent COD for both biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal. Sludge age as key parameters for process optimization. Emerging concerns about process sustainability and the reduction of carbon footprint are introducing additional challenges in that influent COD, N and P are inc resources that should be recovered, not simply removed. In light of this emerging paradigm of “sustainability” which includes environmental, social and economic costs as factors determining process selection, it is useful to unders BNR technologies. To address this need, this paper overviews key factors in BNR technologies which impact operational cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (carbon footprint reduction) and the ability fertilizer.