Acoustic Propagation Modeling Based on Underwater Wireless Sensor Communication - Research Challenges

In present paper, the analysis on the reliable performance of the acoustic wave based underwater wireless sensor network communication is done. Underwater wireless sensor network deployment is increasing day by day because of immense use in different applications such as earthquake and tsunami pre-warning, climate and ocean natural resources investigations, and water pollution monitoring etc. In this paper, A discussion will be done on system propagation channel modelling of acoustic communication network in underwater and its corresponding challenges. In ocean bottom and surface of oceans, the sensor nodes, surface stations, and global positioning system form underwater acoustic sensor network that serve as gateways and provide radio communication links to on-shore base stations. This force to characterize a path loss in underwater acoustic channel that can be calculated on basis of signal frequency travelling in oceans and transmission distance, absorption loss and attenuation, Signal to noise ratio. The signal frequency determines the attenuation, absorption loss, which increases with distance as well, with limited available bandwidth of acoustic network in underwater.