Дієслівна лексика й семантика в українських говорах: стан і перспективи дослідження

The article deals with the problem of representing dialectal verbs and their semantics in Ukrainian dialectal dictionaries, a source of important data on Ukrainian dialects. The material for the study is several representative Ukrainian lexicographic references, highlighting relevant issues. Only two differential Lemko dialect dictionaries compiled by S. Ye. Pantsio (which belong to reconstructive dictionaries) have been found to deal with dialectal verbs, whereas the others treat them along with other parts of speech. General dictionaries and thesauri of a dialect as a whole, a subdialect or a group thereof represent, either differentially or non-differentially, verbs which belong to various lexico-semantic groups, e.g., verbs of speech (e.g., Lemko ре́чи, Polissian балді́кать), movement (e.g., Lemko крача́ти, Polissian ли́дкать), eating (e.g., Lemko звантоли́ти, Polissian папа́сті), perception (e.g., Lemko припатр'ятися, Polissian паглядє́ть), beating (e.g., Lemko масакрува́ти, атклеза́ть) etc., also registering lexico-semantic phenomena (synonymy, polysemy, and homonymy). Dictionaries using the word family principle, or the so-called Nykonchuk's scheme, list designations of processes relating, for example, to traditional Podillian crafts (carpentry, cooperage, wheelwrighting, blacksmithing, weaving, and masonry). Dictionaries of this type are called thematic. Nowadays, dialectal dictionaries represent complex semantic structure of verbs, employing various means of its description (zero representation, the indication of standard language equivalents of dialectal verbs, and detailed explication of meaning); they also include set expressions with entry verbs to show the range of the latters' combinability (e.g., Hutsul лі́сти в бі́йку, лі́сти в о́чі, лі́сти в пе́кло), establish their aspect-dependent semantic variants (e.g., Transcarpathian бе́нькати and бе́нькнути, бе́хати and бе́хнути), and give «quotation snapshots» to entry verbs (e.g., Hutsul віхтува́ти, кла́пцати, кислє́чітисе). The study outlines vistas of further research into Ukrainian dialectal verbs and their semantics.